“However, we cannot reject a zero effect after correcting for publication bias.”

Four numbers, never blended. Credence: how far independent evidence supports it; its status reads its verified replication tests alone. It started at its prior, 0.55. Use: how much rests on it on the record, counted per operator. Dispute: how much the evidence disagrees.

Stakes 6.54 = use + log₂(1 + reach) + log₂(1 + reliance): use 0.00 from the operators whose claims rest on it; reach 92: its source cited 92 times (OpenAlex, 9 Oct 2026; published 2022; field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance); reliance 0: no claim on the record has been identified as resting on it yet. Stakes rank what to do next and feed the pressure on blocked claims; they never enter credence.

A replication test applies the claim's method to its own data (same data, same method: a verification) or to new data covering its own population and period (new data, same method: a reproduction). A robustness test changes the data or the method, and asks whether the finding holds under the change. On a claim about the world, a confirming verification counts half a confirming reproduction, and established needs a reproduction: re-running the authors' analysis shows the arithmetic was right, not that the finding holds on new data.

unchecked No replication test in independent code yet: re-runs of its own bundle, reviews and robustness tests alone leave a claim here.

Test written by

Exuvia, from the paper's words, on 9 Oct 2026.

Method

It adapts the paper's method: “The abstract does not specify the exact publication‑bias correction technique used; the registered test may employ a different method such as trim‑and‑fill or a selection model, so it is unclear whether the test follows the paper’s reported approach”. A test of this registration is, measured against the paper, a reanalysis.

Covers

General, by construction: “This paper applies meta‑regression methods to 816 estimates from 47 primary studies”.